Steps to Solve Tough Sudoku of 1-Feb-2007 with Proof

The following is an illustrated proof for the Tough Sudoku of February 1, 2007. Since this proof uses coloring and a Y wing, you may need to refer to previous blog pages to understand this proof. Links to these pages are found to the right, under Sudoku Techniques.

Puzzle at start


PUzzle start

A few Unique Possibilities:

  • a5 = 1% box
  • i5 = 2% box
Unique Possibilities get the puzzle to 25 cells solved. (UP 25)



Puzzle at UP 25

PUzzle at 25 cells solved



Hidden Pair 28


Hidden Pair 28 at a23

Hidden Pairs are often easy to locate before entering the possibilities. The highit cells reveal:

  • Hidden pair 28 at a23
    • Forces a23=28
    • Forbids a789=28

Now, a few Unique Possibilities:

  • b3 = 4% box
  • b6 = 6% cell
  • e6 = 5% cell
  • e7 = 6% cell
  • a8 = 6% rcbox



Possibility Matrix at UP 30

PUzzle at 30 cells solved



Locked 7's


Locked 7's at ac1

There are many possible steps to take at this point. I have chosen to only illustrate the easiest required steps (IMHO) to solve this puzzle

Illustrated here is:

  • Locked 7's at ac1
    • Forbids dgh1=7
Yielding one more Unique Possibility:
  • d2=7% box & column



Possibility Matrix at UP 31

PUzzle at 31 cells solved



Locked 9's


Locked 9's at c45

Again, there are many possible steps to take at this point. As is often the case, the next two steps were available at puzzle start.

Illustrated here is:

  • Locked 9's at c45
    • Forbids c189=9
Yielding the next step.



Coloring with 9's


Coloring with 9's

Key:

Black boxes =
coloring endpoints
Black lines =
strong links
Red line =
weak link
Yellow marks =
elimination targets

Illustrated here is coloring on 9's, as a forbidding chain on 9's:

  • fc on 9's: d1 == a1 -- a9 == f9
    • Forbids d8,f23=9

Yielding a few more Unique possibilites:

  • d8 = 4% cell
  • d7 = 2% cell
  • c9 = 2% row, column & box
  • f6 = 2% row, column & box
  • d6 = 3% row & box
  • d4 = 8% column & box
  • g6 = 8% row & box



Possibility Matrix at UP 38


Puzzle at 38 cells solved

Again, there are many possible steps to take at this point.

Instead of illustrating all of them, which would take some time, next I will show one step that unlocks the puzzle.



Y wing at UP 38

Y wing

Key as before. The three strong cells:

  1. b2 = 39
  2. f2=36
  3. d1=69
Form the Y wing, with f2=36 as the vertex. Forbids a1=9.

The puzzle now unlocks with unique values in the cells to the end. (% cell).



Solved Puzzle

Soltuion



Proof

Here is the proof in my usual style:

  1. Start at 23 filled - the given puzzle. Unique Possibilities to 25 filled. (UP 25).
  2. Hidden pair 28 at a23 forbids a79=2, a78=8, a2=79, a3=479 UP 30
  3. Locked 7's at ac1 forbids dgh1=7 UP 31
    1. Locked 9's at c45 forbids c189=9
    2. fc on 9's: d1 == a1 -- a9 == f9 forbids d8,f23=9 UP 38
  4. Y wing b2=93, f2=36, d1=69 forbids a1=9 UP 81
  • Sets: 2+1+1+2+3 = 9
  • Max depth 3 at step 5
  • Rating: 2(.01) + 2(.03) + .07 = .15



Find information about me, Steve, at the first page of this blog and My Page at sudoku.com.au.

10 Comments
Indicate which comments you would like to be able to see

Steve  From Ohio    Supporting Member
Check out my page
This puzzle is not as tough as the usual for a tough puzzle at this site. Hopefully, it provides some help in understanding the language.

Although the usual manner that is taught elsewhere prescribes that one should look for coloring eliminations after many other techniques, I have found that coloring is very useful early. In my opinion, after some practice at coloring, coloring is not really harder to spot than pairs, triples, etc.
Orlanda  From Illinois
This is the fourth tough sudoku I solve without any guess. I am trying to go through all the old explanations you have provided in order to be able to follow your proofs. I am only on the Xwings....(Dec 20) however, as I am too tired by the time I come home from work. . Thanks for making the explanations easy to follow. They have been very helpful. I am getting better at solving the more difficult sudokus.
SixStringer  From CA
I'm kind new to all these terminologies. What's UP 30? I know UP stands for unique possibility. But can't figure out what 30 stands for? Also, can someone (Steve?) explain to me why b6=6, e6=5, e7=6, and a8=6. I just don't see it. Thanks.
Steve  From Ohio    Supporting Member
Check out my page
Hi SixStringer!

Welcome!
We have all been new, once. I also struggled with terminolgy that people used to describe what they are doing. I still do at times, since terminology is fairly non-standard across the web. I try to stick to one manner of expression, so that my blog becomes readable upon understanding my notations.

In UP 30, 30 stands for the total number of solved cells.

Oftertimes, when I list particular cell solutions, the reasoning for each of those cell solutions is listed behind them, with the %argument terminology. % meaning 'is the only one in' - or if you prefer - is a unique possibility in (cell, row, column, box). So, if I write: b3 = 4% box, it means that b3=4 because it is the only 4 possible within that box.

If you wish, you can look at earlier blog pages, which describe the terminology. The page, definitions, is a reference page that gives a brief explanation of most of the terminology that I use.
SixStringer  From CA
Thanks for the explanation, Steve! I've been reading your blogs. They're very helpful.
SixStringer  From CA
A question on coloring of 9s, Steve...why does fc on 9 only forbids d8, f23 = 9 and not also d45 and f458?
SixStringer  From CA
Oops...I mean why fc on 9 doesn't forbid f8=9 also?
Steve  From Ohio    Supporting Member
Check out my page
Hi SixStringer!

fc on 9's: fc on 9's: d1 == a1 -- a9 == f9
The endpoints of the chain:
d1, f9.
The conclusion of the chain:
d1 == f9.

d1 does not 'see' f8. Thus, it is not forbidden.



However, one could expand the chain:
fc on 9's: e4 == e3 -- d1 == a1 -- a9 == f9
The following conclusions:
d1==f9
e4==f9
would forbid additionally f45.

Since I did not write that extra strong link in the chain, I had not justified those additional eliminations.
SixStringer  From CA
Thanks again for the explanation, Steve. I think I got this one.
Norb  From CA
This puzzle has given me fits for quite awhile till I gave in and read your proof. I had totally missed the Y wing and from where I was, the thing then fell apart. I was about to question your weak link a1--a9 in the FC on 9s because there were no other 9s in the 'a' column when I remembered your pointing out that if only one could be true than the link is both strong and weak. (which I never truly understood till I just went back to your truth tables.) If you can take your pick, that is an incredible increase in potential application!

Thanks again,

Norb
11/Apr/07 6:42 AM
Please Log in to post a comment.

Not a member? Joining is quick and free. As a member you get heaps of benefits.

Join Now Login